{"id":11699,"date":"2014-07-11T15:34:48","date_gmt":"2014-07-11T19:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/?p=11699"},"modified":"2014-08-08T16:37:09","modified_gmt":"2014-08-08T20:37:09","slug":"dr-david-ross-sought-expert-eyewitness-testimony-psychology-professor-graduate-students-assist-overturning-conviction-missouri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/2014\/07\/dr-david-ross-sought-expert-eyewitness-testimony-psychology-professor-graduate-students-assist-overturning-conviction-missouri\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. David Ross sought as expert in eyewitness testimony"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ross-david-research\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Psychology professor and graduate students assist in overturning conviction in Missouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Anthony<\/a><\/p>\n

Anthony Williams was 14 years old when he attended a middle school dance in St. Louis City, Missouri, where another middle school student was later shot and killed.\u00a0 First a fight broke out during the dance, and then after the dance, in the dark outside the building, gunshots were fired.\u00a0 One witness recalled standing with Williams at that moment, and like her, he ducked and ran.<\/p>\n

When Williams was brought in to be questioned by police and then accused of the murder, he told police his father taught him not to lie, and he wouldn\u2019t lie to them.\u00a0 He said he did not fire the gun that killed 14-year-old Cortez Andrews.<\/p>\n

Instead of taking a deal for a light sentence, Williams, who had no criminal history, was tried as an adult, convicted, and given a sentence of life without parole in 1995.\u00a0 In an almost unbelievable turn of events, Williams walked out of prison 20 years later on July 3, 2014, thanks to the extraordinary efforts of his attorney, Jennifer Bukowsky, and help from Dr. David Ross, UTC Professor of Psychology, and two UTC graduate psychology students, Dominick Atkinson and Joseph Jones.<\/p>\n

Bukowsky became involved in the case in 2012.\u00a0 In July 2013, she contacted Ross, who had done extensive research on eyewitness memory. Ross has been invited to teach and explain how to properly collect identification evidence\u00a0at the annual meeting of district attorneys in both Tennessee and Illinois.\u00a0 Ross also serves as an instructor on this topic at the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.<\/p>\n

He says data consistently shows the number one reason people are wrongfully convicted in criminal court is related to errors in eyewitness lineup identification.<\/p>\n

Bukowsky was particular interested in Ross\u2019s research into unconscious transference and lineup identifications.\u00a0 This means a witness can become confused, implicating a familiar, innocent person by putting them at the scene of a crime as an assailant.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe witness isn\u2019t lying, their memory is just inaccurate,\u201d Bukowsky explained.\u00a0 \u201cI reached out to Dr. Ross for help in reviewing the testimony in Anthony\u2019s case.\u00a0 He not only reviewed what I asked him to do, he asked for everything associated with the case.\u00a0 He and his students went over everything with a fine toothed comb.\u00a0 His work ethic is wonderful.\u201d<\/p>\n

When Bukowsky and Ross offered their services pro bono, it was Williams\u2019 last opportunity.\u00a0 Prior appeals had failed.\u00a0 Ross, Atkinson, and Jones worked for six weeks nonstop and compiled 1,000 pages of transcripts, affidavits, and testimony. \u00a0Ross called it the worst case he\u2019s ever seen.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe lineup procedure, the way eyewitness testimony was collected\u2014all the protocols were violated,\u201d Ross explained.\u00a0 \u201cCortez\u2019 half-brother Tehran saw the fight at the dance that night, but he did not see the shooting.\u00a0 Yet the police report quotes him as an eyewitness.\u00a0 At the trial, this \u2018eyewitness\u2019 testified he did not actually see the shooting.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"AnthonyIn the final report Ross turned over to the Missouri court, the UTC team explained that an eyewitness description of a suspect\u2019s appearance and clothing should be reflected in the lineup.\u00a0 Four of the witnesses who said they saw Andrews\u2019 shooter described a young man wearing dark clothing and a black cap with white lettering that said \u201cSt. Louis.\u201d Yet in the first lineup, all the young men wore red sweatshirts and no caps.\u00a0 A month later, two of the four young African American men included in the lineup had a dark skin tone, even though the majority of the witnesses said the suspect had lighter skin.<\/p>\n

The UTC team\u2019s final report also indicates witnesses in this case had been shown multiple lineups, a clear departure from Department of Justice and the International Association of Chiefs of Police guidelines.\u00a0 The report goes on to explain this is “problematic because there is extant research showing that repeated exposure to the same suspect can dramatically increase the rate of identification of that suspect.\u201d\u00a0 Later, the report said DOJ and IACP guidelines stress \u201cthat a witness should NEVER be shown multiple lineups with the same suspect and foils because it can produce witness inconsistences\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

After Ross and his students submitted their final report at the end of August, they waited for Williams\u2019 hearing.\u00a0 It came on a cold day in February 2014.\u00a0 Ross testified for more than two hours while a snowstorm whipped around the old Cole County courthouse.<\/p>\n

Ross explained unconscious transference\u2014in the case of Williams, several witnesses thought they had seen him in places they actually had not\u2014at a school he never attended and an apartment complex where he never lived.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe judge was very attentive to Dr. Ross\u2019 findings,\u201d Bukowsky explained.\u00a0 \u201cDr. Ross was able to show how many fundamental problems there were the procedures.\u00a0 He was wonderful to work with.\u201d<\/p>\n

It took four months for a Missouri judge to decide to vacate Williams\u2019 sentence, and when Ross found out, he said he was shocked, because there was no guarantee the judge would rule the way he did.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt has been an incredibly humbling experience,\u201d Ross said.\u00a0 \u201cIt is the culmination of my career.\u201d<\/p>\n

Atkinson was really excited to receive the news.<\/p>\n

\u201cI was even more excited about the judge overturning the conviction without DNA evidence.\u00a0 That is extremely rare,\u201d Atkinson said.<\/p>\n

When Jones got the text with the news, he said he stared at his phone for a while.\u00a0 \u201cIt\u2019s really cool to have been a part of that case.\u00a0 I\u2019ll never forget it.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Psychology professor and graduate students assist in overturning conviction in Missouri Anthony Williams was 14 years old when he attended a middle school dance in St. Louis City, Missouri, where another middle school student was later shot and killed.\u00a0 First a fight broke out during the dance, and then after the dance, in the dark… <\/p>\n

Continue Reading <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":294,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_slider":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_featurette":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[661],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11699","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-students","7":"entry","8":"has-post-thumbnail"},"yoast_head":"\nDr. David Ross sought as expert in eyewitness testimony | UTC News Archive: Jul 2007 - 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