{"id":32020,"date":"2020-07-14T14:35:42","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T18:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/?p=32020"},"modified":"2020-07-14T14:53:15","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T18:53:15","slug":"utc-alumnus-authors-hydroxychloroquine-study-in-new-england-journal-of-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/2020\/07\/utc-alumnus-authors-hydroxychloroquine-study-in-new-england-journal-of-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"UTC alumnus researches effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Matthew Pullen graduated from UTC in 2007 with a degree in molecular biology.<\/p><\/div>\n

The prescription drug hydroxychloroquine has been in the news in recent months, thanks to the COVID-19 global pandemic.<\/p>\n

Hydroxychloroquine has been used successfully to treat lupus and rheumatoid arthritis and to prevent and treat malaria by killing the parasites that cause that disease. Since the drug has been beneficial in fighting off other viral illnesses, there was some thought that it also could combat SARS-CoV-2\u2014the specific name for this coronavirus.<\/p>\n

According to a researcher who spent his undergraduate years at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, the answer to the hydroxychloroquine question is no.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere has been a lot of prior work on similar viruses showing hydroxychloroquine can inhibit viral replication. The thought is that if you slow down the replication after exposure, it allows your body to naturally handle and clear out the virus,\u201d said Dr. Matthew Pullen, who received a degree in molecular biology from UTC in 2007. \u201cUnfortunately, as you can see in our paper, that was not the case.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pullen was referring to \u201cA Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19,\u201d a paper published this month in the New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>. Pullen, chief fellow in the infectious diseases and international medicine division of the Department of Medicine at the University of Minnesota, was one of the investigators on the recent hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis trial. He was the second author on the piece describing the research team\u2019s running of the first randomized clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine for the post-exposure prevention of this virus.<\/p>\n

Done in collaboration with McGill University, the University of Manitoba and the University of Alberta, the trial enrolled 821 asymptomatic, non-hospitalized adults from across the U.S. and Canada exposed to the coronavirus from someone living in their same households or as a health care worker or first responder. Half of the participants received hydroxychloroquine; half received a placebo. Participants were followed for two weeks to see who developed symptomatic COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Pullen has multiple published papers on his resume, but this was the first time his work has been featured in the New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>. As this trial study\u2019s subject matter is topical, it makes that placement even more special.<\/p>\n

To have a paper appear in the New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>is \u201ca really nice feather in your cap,\u201d Pullen said. \u201cThis is the preeminent medical journal, so it feels good to see your name on a publication that appears in the journal. It validates that the work you\u2019re doing is important and well-done, and it makes a lot of the long, long, long days worth it. The huge readership of the Journal<\/em>means that our research is getting out there to a lot of researchers and clinicians, which is nice.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pullen said the idea for the study came about quickly. It was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, considered the gold standard for any scientific or medical testing; neither the participants nor the researchers knew what the participants received. Through randomization, they were trying to eliminate any bias for who got what.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis started in early March when the head of our lab, Dr. David Boulware, emailed us one night and said, \u2018Hey, I have an idea for a trial.\u2019 Dr. Boulware had some experience working with hydroxychloroquine before as an anti-HIV agent that didn\u2019t work, but there was still a lot of research showing it was good for coronaviruses,\u201d Pullen said. \u201cWe thought this might show some promise and was worth the trial. In the span of about eight days\u2014which is more than light speed for clinical trials\u2014we went from the initial idea to having institutional approval, FDA approval, having a design drawn up, having it submitted. And then, March 16\u2014eight days after we initially conceived of the study\u2014we recruited our first participant.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe randomized part means when we recruited people, they were given either placebo or the medication in random order. It ensured that about 50% of people got one or the other; and that randomization also means that if there\u2019s any confounding variable, randomization solves that because it\u2019s completely random which group you get sorted in to. The postexposure prophylaxis part is we were following people that had exposure to someone with coronavirus. If they enrolled within the first four days after that exposure, we would give them either the placebo or medication and then follow them for two weeks to see if they then went on to develop the infection themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n

While the study showed that hydroxychloroquine was not beneficial in preventing illness compatible with COVID-19, Pullen stressed the importance of finding out that a specific drug has no benefit.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s twofold why that\u2019s important,\u201d he said. \u201cFor instance, if you don\u2019t have cancer but you decide to take a chemotherapy agent, you\u2019re not receiving any benefit from that; you\u2019re only accepting the risk of that drug, and no drug is really benign. Our study is showing pretty solidly that for postexposure prophylaxis, hydroxychloroquine does not help you.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe other part of why it\u2019s important is that hydroxychloroquine is very effective for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. When a lot of the big media attention was on this drug in late March and early April, there were a lot of doctors prescribing it for themselves or family members thinking was going to be a cure or preventative. It put shortages across the country, and people with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis were not able to get a drug they needed for quality of life. We need to reserve this drug for people with conditions that it is beneficial for.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pullen, whose research interests center on epidemiology and virology, has had a fascinating career since first arriving at UTC. One of the highlights of his time in Chattanooga included learning about\u2014and landing\u2014a coveted molecular genetic research internship at the FBI laboratory in Quantico, Virginia.<\/p>\n

Pullen\u2019s time as a researcher has taken him around the world, as he has spent significant time studying infectious diseases while working abroad in Kenya and Uganda. He said his eyes were opened to the world of research during his time in the UTC \u00a0Honors program.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I came and interviewed for the program, I was just blown away by the people, by the opportunities, the campus, everything. I had a phenomenal four years there, and I\u2019m still close friends with a lot of the faculty and classmates,\u201d Pullen said. \u201cMargaret Kovach in the department of biology was a wonderful mentor. She helped me dip my toes into research for the first time as an undergraduate. And then all the Honors College faculty\u2014Greg O\u2019Dea, Joanie Sompayrac, Debbie Bell, Dr. (Gavin) Townsend, who unfortunately has passed\u2014they were wonderful influences. They worked tirelessly to open people\u2019s eyes to the world out there and expand your horizons.\u201d<\/p>\n

The New England Journal<\/em>paper on hydroxychloroquine has been published, but Pullen and the members of the research team don\u2019t have time to rest on their laurels.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have one study that\u2019s being written right now on early treatment of people with coronavirus symptoms. And then we have another trial that\u2019s preexposure prophylaxis,\u201d Pullen said, giving a sneak preview. \u201cThat study should wrap up by the end of the month and hopefully get published a few weeks after that.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UTC Honors College alumnus authors hydroxychloroquine study published in New England Journal of Medicine<\/p>\n

Continue Reading <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1493,"featured_media":30316,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_slider":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_featurette":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48128,61,3,64,661],"tags":[99148,99163,99164],"class_list":{"0":"post-32020","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chemistry-physics","8":"category-college-of-arts-sciences","9":"category-community","10":"category-news","11":"category-students","12":"tag-hydroxychloroquine","13":"tag-matt-pullen","14":"tag-new-england-journal-of-medicine","15":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nUTC alumnus researches effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 | UTC News Archive: Jul 2007 - 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