{"id":67920,"date":"2025-05-13T08:17:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T12:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/?p=67920"},"modified":"2025-05-13T08:17:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T12:17:06","slug":"new-research-by-utc-sociologist-challenges-one-size-fits-all-intervention-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogarchive.utc.edu\/news\/2025\/05\/new-research-by-utc-sociologist-challenges-one-size-fits-all-intervention-models\/","title":{"rendered":"New research by UTC sociologist challenges one-size-fits-all intervention models"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Assistant

Assistant Professor of Sociology Chris Vidmar’s recent paper, \u201cHybrid Hegemonic Masculinities: Interrogating Men\u2019s Intervention Programming,\u201d has published in in Socius\u2014the open-access journal of the American Sociological Association. Photo by Angela Foster.<\/p><\/div>\n

Changing behavior is hard. Changing identity\u2014especially the deeply ingrained ideas of what it means to \u201cbe a man\u201d\u2014is even harder.<\/p>\n

Dr. Chris Vidmar, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, explored that challenge in a recent ethnographic study of court-mandated intervention programs for abusive and controlling men.<\/p>\n

Vidmar, who joined the UTC faculty at the start of this academic year, has published a new paper in Socius<\/strong><\/a>\u2014the open-access journal of the American Sociological Association.<\/p>\n

The study, titled \u201cHybrid Hegemonic Masculinities: Interrogating Men\u2019s Intervention Programming<\/strong><\/a>,\u201d is an ethnographic evaluation of a batterer intervention program (BIP)\u2014a course for men who have engaged in domestic or interpersonal violence. Some men are state-sanctioned to courses like this as an alternative to incarceration, while others attend voluntarily.<\/p>\n

Vidmar said that these programs are widespread\u2014thousands exist across the U.S. and globally\u2014but their success rates are inconsistent.<\/p>\n

Vidmar\u2019s research explores one possible reason rooted in sociological theory: there are many different ways of being a man\u2014and programs often don\u2019t account for this variation in their design.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll of these programs address manhood in some way, explicitly or implicitly,\u201d Vidmar explained, \u201cbut what we often fail to consider is that there are different ways to be a man shaped by culture, community and lived experience.<\/p>\n

\u201cTreating all men as if they come into these programs with the same background or beliefs is part of the problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vidmar embedded into a community-based BIP, observing interactions over time and capturing the nuances of how men reacted to the curriculum and each other. While some participants made genuine transformations, others disengaged or resisted the material altogether, and some seemed to change\u2014but their abuse continued.<\/p>\n

The program, Vidmar said, tried to correct abuse by promoting a liberal, pro-feminist model of masculinity\u2014one \u201crooted in emotional openness, empathy and respect.\u201d However, many men in the program already held liberal ideologies.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s an assumption in a lot of these programs that abuse stems from patriarchal values\u2014beliefs that men should dominate and control,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cThat\u2019s true for some. But many of the men I studied didn\u2019t hold those views. Their harmful behaviors came more from being socialized into narrow, high-pressure roles\u2014being the provider, never showing weakness, always being in control.\u201d<\/p>\n

For men who supported equal rights for women, the assertion that their behaviors stemmed from patriarchal beliefs \u201cfelt foreign and even judgmental.\u201d This was especially true for men from marginalized communities who lacked the resources to accomplish masculine ideals.<\/p>\n

Vidmar said the findings also challenge a commonly held belief in intervention circles: that emotional expression is a universal antidote to abusive behavior.<\/p>\n

In the study, some of the most emotionally demonstrative men\u2014those who wept openly during sessions\u2014still struggled to change their actions.<\/p>\n

\u201cExpressing emotion is important, but it\u2019s not a magic fix,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cWithout also challenging the deeper self-harming aspects of manhood\u2014like stoicism, extreme self-reliance and the idea that you\u2019re only worthy if you\u2019re providing\u2014those emotions won\u2019t necessarily lead to behavioral change.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another key finding from the research is that many of these programs are deeply underfunded. Even when facilitators know better approaches exist, they often lack the resources to implement them.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese programs are frequently run on shoestring budgets,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cIt\u2019s hard to tailor interventions when you don\u2019t have the staff, time or training to do so.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vidmar hopes the study will prompt program designers, policymakers and social workers to rethink the structure of BIPs. One-size-fits-all approaches are less effective, especially for men whose identities intersect with poverty, race, trauma or other marginalizations.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe solution isn\u2019t just telling men to be better fathers or more sensitive partners,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cThat advice might land with some, but for others, the pressure of those roles is part of what\u2019s driving their behavior in the first place.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ultimately, Vidmar\u2019s research calls for a more flexible, culturally responsive way of understanding masculinity\u2014one that doesn\u2019t assume uniformity but instead recognizes the diversity of men\u2019s experiences.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis article grapples with deep theoretical debates in masculinity studies,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cI tried to reconcile some of those complexities and synthesize emerging ideas around hybrid masculinities and caring masculinities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese aren\u2019t just academic debates. They matter for real people trying to do real healing.\u201d<\/p>\n

While the research was based on one program, the implications are global. Vidmar noted that one of the article\u2019s peer reviewers does similar work in South Africa.<\/p>\n

The universal thread? Understanding a person\u2019s sense of self and their cultural narrative of what it means to be a man and using that as a foundation for change.<\/p>\n

At UTC, Vidmar has found a place to continue growing this line of inquiry. A new project underway explores how social media algorithms influence public understanding of gender. Another upcoming study will examine how artificial intelligence platforms reinforce dominant narratives around gender roles.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re increasingly outsourcing our thinking to AI,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cWhen you ask AI how to talk to your crush or what to wear to a job interview, the answers it gives you are based on aggregated patterns of what\u2019s been said before\u2014usually centrist, traditional and often gendered. That has consequences.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even in the classroom, Vidmar\u2019s work is shaping conversations. Though careful not to overwhelm students with graphic content, Vidmar introduces concepts from the research to illustrate how sociological thinking applies to real-life problems.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the hardest things to teach is that understanding someone\u2019s behavior doesn\u2019t mean excusing it,\u201d Vidmar said. \u201cYou can still hold people accountable while considering the structures and pressures that led them to act a certain way. That kind of empathy and nuance is what I try to bring into every class.\u201d<\/p>\n

While publishing in an ASA journal is a career milestone, Vidmar said that the impact goes far beyond an academic line on a CV.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a little surreal,\u201d Vidmar said, \u201cbut I\u2019ve had people reach out to tell me the article resonated. That\u2019s the goal: doing work that\u2019s meaningful, that helps programs improve and helps people change.\u201d<\/p>\n

Learn more<\/h4>\n

Visit UTC<\/a><\/p>\n

UTC Department of Sociology<\/a><\/p>\n

How to apply<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\u201cThere\u2019s

\u201cThere\u2019s an assumption in a lot of these programs that abuse stems from patriarchal values\u2014beliefs that men should dominate and control,\u201d Dr. Chris Vidmar said. \u201cThat\u2019s true for some. But many of the men I studied didn\u2019t hold those views.”<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Changing behavior is hard. Changing identity\u2014especially the deeply ingrained ideas of what it means to \u201cbe a man\u201d\u2014is even harder. Dr. Chris Vidmar, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, explored that challenge in a recent ethnographic study of court-mandated intervention programs for abusive and controlling men.<\/p>\n

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